@tehachapifan Back when Athearn and Walthers introduced these cars in HO, noted tank car historian Tim Frederick compiled this handy document discussing the 3 different Athearn bodystyles:
http://tankcarhomepage.railfan.net/misc/Athearn_LPG_101_v2.pdf
As mentioned previously, the flat sides are to enable the tank to stay within plate clearances.
Really great resource, thanks!
According to this document, the "OD", which I'm guessing means overall diameter, of the "early" car is 120.4" and the OD of the "flat panel" is 127.6". Definitely bigger and, if the bottom of each tank sits at the same level, I would assume the top of the flat panel would have to be 7.3" higher than the early tank. That seems about right looking at my models coupled together.
Assuming this document is error free, I believe the case can be considered closed.... although it doesn't explain why the pic above of the two tanks coupled appear to be the same size (the document also lists the "late" style with an OD of 120.4"). Maybe the wedge angle of the photo is somehow hiding the size differences.