I would make sure the styrene and brass are clean (free of any sort of grease or oil). Especially if you were to use water-based paints. If you use organic-solvent-based paints those are more forgiving. No need to roughen the surfaces.
Spray cans are like really crude airbrushes - you have almost no control of the paint pressure, flow or the spray pattern. I suspect that your bridge has a lot of tight areas which will be hard to get the paint to without flooding the surfaces around those. That is where airbrush shines: You can easily adjust the paint flow, pressure and spray pattern to gently spray paint into those deep tight spots. Then open up the nozzle and spray the outside surfaces. This extra control the airbrush provides is the reason I often decant spray-can paint and spray it through the airbrush.