Well I just learned today that the USB interface uses wires #3 & 4 . So when you are using the power cab these wires do not have anything to do with the ability to run a loco (decoder) per say. That’s why it took me so long to figure out the cable is bad.
Now that you mentioned, it makes perfect sense. Power Cab uses a 6-conductor cable. When used as Power Cab it only uses 4 of the 6 conductors: Power and Ground pair feeding it, then another pair supplying the DCC track power to the track (since the handheld also contains its own command station and booster inside).
When that Power Cab throttle is used as Pro Cab, it also uses 4 of the 6 conductors: the same pair used for power and ground feeding it, then the other pair (wire 3 and 4) which are serial bus communication pair which communicates with the command station. The DCC track power pair is not used.
When that handheld unit is used as Power Cab, while also using USB, then all 6 wires are utilized. I don't have the USB interface for my Power Cab so I never really thought about all this until you pointed that out.